What is Urea Breath Testing (UBT)?
The Urea Breath Test (UBT) is a simple, non-invasive, and highly accurate method for detecting active Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the stomach. H. pylori is a bacterium that infects the stomach lining and is responsible for peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, and is a risk factor for stomach cancer.
The test works by having the patient consume a small amount of specially labelled urea solution. If H. pylori is present in the stomach, the bacteria break down the urea and release labelled carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is detected in a breath sample.
When is UBT Used?
- Initial diagnosis of H. pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia, ulcers, or gastritis
- Confirmation of H. pylori eradication after antibiotic treatment (test of cure)
- Screening in patients with a family history of gastric cancer
- Investigation of unexplained iron deficiency anaemia or immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
- Assessment before or after NSAID use in patients with peptic ulcer history
How the Test is Performed
Preparation
You fast for at least 4–6 hours before the test. Certain medications must be stopped beforehand (proton pump inhibitors for 2 weeks; antibiotics for 4 weeks).
Baseline Breath Sample
A baseline breath sample is collected into a sealed bag by breathing normally into the collection device.
Urea Solution
You drink a small amount of urea solution. You then wait for 30 minutes, during which H. pylori (if present) breaks down the urea.
Post-Test Breath Sample
A second breath sample is collected. The two samples are analysed to measure the difference in labelled CO₂ — indicating whether H. pylori is present.
Results
Results are typically available within a few days. Your doctor discusses the result and any required treatment.
Before Your Test — Important Instructions
- Stop proton pump inhibitors (PPIs, e.g. omeprazole, esomeprazole) at least 2 weeks before the test
- Stop antibiotics, bismuth compounds, and antacids at least 4 weeks before the test
- Fast for 4–6 hours before the test (water is usually permitted)
- Inform our team of all current medications