What is a Colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy is a procedure to examine the inner lining of the large bowel (colon) and rectum. A thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope — equipped with a camera and light — is gently inserted through the rectum to allow direct visualisation of the entire colon.
It is one of the most effective tools for the early detection of colorectal cancer and pre-cancerous polyps, and allows for therapeutic interventions such as polyp removal during the same procedure.
When is a Colonoscopy Recommended?
- Colorectal cancer screening (especially from age 45–50 or earlier with family history)
- Positive faecal occult blood test (FOBT) result
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
- Persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhoea, constipation, or altered stool)
- Unexplained abdominal pain or cramping
- Investigation or monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Surveillance after previous polyp removal
- Unexplained iron deficiency anaemia
- Unexplained weight loss
What Happens During the Procedure?
Bowel Preparation
In the days prior, you follow a special diet and take a bowel-cleansing preparation to ensure a clear, clean view of the colon.
Arrival & Sedation
You arrive at the day procedure unit. Conscious sedation is administered for comfort and relaxation.
Examination
The colonoscope is gently advanced through the entire colon to the ileocaecal junction. The specialist carefully examines the bowel wall on withdrawal.
Polypectomy / Intervention
Any polyps identified are removed (polypectomy). Biopsies may be taken from abnormal areas.
Recovery & Results
You recover in a supervised area. A responsible adult must drive you home. Results and findings are discussed with you the same day.
Bowel Preparation Guide
Adequate bowel preparation is essential for a high-quality examination. You will receive detailed written instructions, which typically include:
- A low-fibre diet starting 2–3 days before the procedure
- Clear fluids only on the day before the procedure
- A prescribed bowel cleansing solution taken the evening before and/or morning of the procedure
- Fasting for at least 6 hours before your appointment
- Maintaining good fluid intake to stay hydrated
After the Procedure
Most patients go home within 1–2 hours of the procedure and return to normal activities the following day. You may experience mild bloating or wind, which typically resolves quickly. If polyps were removed, you will receive specific dietary and activity advice. Biopsy results are usually available within 5–7 days.